Cats offer health benefits despite some risks, studies find

Living with cats can significantly impact human physical and mental health, research shows, though the relationship comes with certain risks that need to be managed, according to a study published in The Conversation.

Recent studies indicate cats have become integral family members, with half of 1,800 Dutch cat owners surveyed considering their cats as family and one-third viewing them as children or best friends.

Research demonstrates cats often prefer human interaction over food or toys and can distinguish when humans address them directly.

Scientists have found cats respond positively to human behaviours such as the “kitty kiss” – a slow blink – and have developed specific vocalisations that appeal to human nurturing instincts.

“My cats are the reason I get up in the morning,” reported one veteran in a qualitative study examining the relationship between pets and mental health.

Studies have linked cat ownership with reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, though researchers caution this association does not definitively prove causation.

Additional research suggests cat ownership may improve gut microbiota, particularly in women, leading to better blood glucose control and reduced inflammation.

However, experts warn of potential health risks. Cats are the primary host for toxoplasmosis, a parasitic infection that can be particularly dangerous for pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals.

Health authorities recommend these groups avoid changing cat litter or use protective gloves.

Allergies present another concern, affecting up to 20 per cent of people, with rates increasing.

Cat saliva contains allergens that can trigger reactions when deposited on fur and skin cells.

However, some research suggests early exposure to cats might help prevent asthma and allergic reactions by modifying immune system responses.

Mental health impacts can be complex.

While pet ownership generally correlates with improved psychological well-being, a recent study of veterans found those more attached to their pets scored lower on mental health measures, though qualitative responses suggested cats provided crucial emotional support.

The burden of caring for sick cats can also affect mental health, with one study finding a third of owners caring for cats with epilepsy experienced clinical levels of caregiver burden.