Tattoos pose potential health risk - study

A new research has shown that tattoos release microscopic pigment particles that lodge in the lymph nodes, posing a potential health risk to humans. 

Scientists used powerful X-rays to track the titanium dioxide nanoparticles down in skin and lymph tissue taken from dead tattooed individuals.

They found evidence that the smallest molecules accumulated in the lymph nodes, which are vital to the immune system.

Titanium dioxide, the most common ingredient in tattoo inks after carbon black, is a white pigment used in food additives, sun screens and paints.

In tattoos it is often mixed with other pigments to create different shades and has been associated with delayed healing, raised skin and itching.

When someone wants to get a tattoo, they are often very careful in choosing a parlour where they use sterile needles that haven't been used previously, said study author Dr Hiram Castillo, from the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France.

No one checks the chemical composition of the colours, but our study shows that maybe they should.

The study did not find evidence of any health hazard linked to titanium dioxide in tattoos, but the scientists pointed out that nanoparticles have unpredictable properties.

They may not have the same behaviour as the particles at a micro level. And that is the problem, we don't know how nanoparticles react, said Dr Bernhard Hesse, another member of the ESRF team.

The researchers, now plan to look at further tissue samples from people who have suffered adverse effects from tattoos.

The study technique uses intense X-rays generated at the synchrotron facility to dislodge electrons from molecules, resulting in tell-tale energy bursts characteristic of specific elements.

The findings appear in the journal Scientific Reports.