1.7 million children die each year, from polluted environments - WHO

The World Health Organisation (WHO) says a quarter of all global deaths of children under five years are due to unhealthy or polluted environments including dirty water and air, second-hand smoke and a lack of adequate hygiene.

The most common causes of death as a result of such unsanitary and polluted environments include diarrhoea, malaria and pneumonia, which are all largely preventable. And according to the WHO, 1.7 million children are killed every year.

"A polluted environment is a deadly one - particularly for young children," WHO Director-General Margaret Chan said in a statement.

"Their developing organs and immune systems, and smaller bodies and airways, make them especially vulnerable to dirty air and water."

In the report - Inheriting a sustainable world: Atlas on children's health and the environment - the WHO stated that harmful exposure can start in the womb, and then continue if infants and toddlers are exposed to indoor and outdoor air pollution and second-hand smoke.

This increases their childhood risk of pneumonia as well as their lifelong risk of chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma. Air pollution also increases the lifelong risk of heart disease, stroke and cancer, the report said.

According to the report, children from households without access to safe water and sanitation, or polluted with smoke from unclean fuels such as coal or dung for cooking and heating, were at higher risk of diarrhoea and pneumonia.

"Their developing organs and immune systems, and smaller bodies and airways, make them especially vulnerable to dirty air and water," Dr Chan said.

Children are also exposed to harmful chemicals through food, water, air and products around them, the report said.

Maria Neira, a WHO expert on public health, said this was a heavy toll, both in terms of deaths and long-term illness and disease rates. She urged governments to do more to make all places safe for children.

"Investing in the removal of environmental risks to health, such as improving water quality or using cleaner fuels, will result in massive health benefits," she said.